diff --git a/assets/creator-studio/src/components/save-state.tsx b/assets/creator-studio/src/components/save-state.tsx
index 378b8687..b3bde488 100644
--- a/assets/creator-studio/src/components/save-state.tsx
+++ b/assets/creator-studio/src/components/save-state.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 /**
- * 顶栏保存状态。状态文案即用户对“内容有没有保存”的唯一反馈。
+ * 保存状态。状态文案即用户对「内容有没有保存」的唯一反馈。
+ *
+ * 自动保存与手动保存共用同一套取值，但 `autosave` 标记让界面能区别对待：
+ * 自动保存不该抢走提交按钮的可用性，也不该把「保存中」渲染成用户主动操作。
  *
  * @package Jio
  */
@@ -8,7 +11,12 @@ import { __ } from '@wordpress/i18n';
 
 export type SaveStatus = 'ready' | 'saving' | 'saved' | 'error' | 'conflict' | 'submitting' | 'submitted';
 
-export type SaveStateValue = { state: SaveStatus; at: string };
+export type SaveStateValue = {
+	state: SaveStatus;
+	at: string;
+	/** 当前状态是否来自后台自动保存（不阻塞提交按钮）。 */
+	autosave?: boolean;
+};
 
 const LABELS: Record<SaveStatus, string> = {
 	ready: __('尚未保存', 'jio'),
@@ -20,11 +28,23 @@ const LABELS: Record<SaveStatus, string> = {
 	submitted: __('已提交', 'jio'),
 };
 
+/** 自动保存专用的说法：避免让作者以为是自己点了保存。 */
+const AUTOSAVE_LABELS: Partial<Record<SaveStatus, string>> = {
+	saving: __('自动保存中…', 'jio'),
+	saved: __('已自动保存', 'jio'),
+	error: __('自动保存失败，将重试', 'jio'),
+};
+
+export function saveStateLabel(value: SaveStateValue): string {
+	const autosave = value.autosave ? AUTOSAVE_LABELS[value.state] : '';
+	return autosave || LABELS[value.state] || LABELS.ready;
+}
+
 export function SaveState({ value }: { value: SaveStateValue }) {
 	return (
 		<span className={`jio-creator__save is-${value.state}`} role="status" aria-live="polite">
 			<i className="fa fas fa-circle" aria-hidden="true" />
-			<span>{LABELS[value.state] || LABELS.ready}</span>
+			<span>{saveStateLabel(value)}</span>
 			{value.state === 'saved' && value.at ? <time>{value.at}</time> : null}
 		</span>
 	);
diff --git a/assets/creator-studio/src/components/status-bar.tsx b/assets/creator-studio/src/components/status-bar.tsx
index 3abfe433..27336422 100644
--- a/assets/creator-studio/src/components/status-bar.tsx
+++ b/assets/creator-studio/src/components/status-bar.tsx
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 import { __, sprintf } from '@wordpress/i18n';
 
-import { SaveState, type SaveStateValue } from './save-state';
+import { SaveState, saveStateLabel, type SaveStateValue } from './save-state';
 
 type Props = {
 	charCount: number;
@@ -93,6 +93,8 @@ export function StatusBar({
 }: Props) {
 	const savedAt = saveState.at ? relativeTime(saveState.at) : '';
 	const status = STATUS_LABELS[saveState.state] || STATUS_LABELS.ready;
+	// 时间和状态各显示一次会重复（「17:04:15 · 草稿」），有具体时间时以时间为准。
+	const meta = savedAt || status;
 
 	return (
 		<footer className="jio-creator__status" role="contentinfo">
@@ -100,13 +102,13 @@ export function StatusBar({
 				<span className="jio-creator__status-count">
 					{__('字数', 'jio')}：{charCount}
 				</span>
-				<span className="jio-creator__status-mode">{__('Markdown 语法输入中', 'jio')}</span>
+				<span className="jio-creator__status-mode">{saveStateLabel(saveState)}</span>
 			</div>
 
 			<div className="jio-creator__status-meta">
 				<SaveState value={saveState} />
 				<span className="jio-creator__status-dot" aria-hidden="true">·</span>
-				<span className="jio-creator__status-time">{savedAt || status}</span>
+				<span className="jio-creator__status-time">{meta}</span>
 			</div>
 
 			<div className="jio-creator__status-actions">
diff --git a/assets/creator-studio/src/hooks/use-autosave.ts b/assets/creator-studio/src/hooks/use-autosave.ts
index bbdadfc9..2cea4dc3 100644
--- a/assets/creator-studio/src/hooks/use-autosave.ts
+++ b/assets/creator-studio/src/hooks/use-autosave.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
 /**
  * 自动保存节奏控制。
  *
- * - 云端自动保存 4 秒防抖，保存进行中不叠加请求；
- * - 本地快照 1.5 秒防抖，由调用方写入 localStorage；
- * - 页面隐藏/失焦时立即冲刷一次，避免切走丢稿。
+ * 三种触发并行，任一命中就保存：
+ * - **空闲防抖**：停手 4 秒后保存（沿用原有体验）；
+ * - **最长等待**：首次改动后最多 30 秒必定落一次盘。只靠防抖的话，连续写作
+ *   永远不会触发 —— 每次按键都会重置定时器，实测连写 15 秒一次都没保存；
+ * - **失焦 / 页面隐藏**：立即冲刷。
+ *
+ * 保存失败后按 5s → 15s → 60s 退避重试，超过三次才停下来等下一次触发，
+ * 避免断网时不停地打接口，也避免网络恢复后状态一直卡在「保存失败」。
  *
  * 回调放进 ref，保证 schedule 引用稳定：否则每次输入产生的重渲染都会重置
  * 定时器，自动保存永远不会触发。
@@ -19,40 +24,75 @@ type Options = {
 	onLocal: () => void;
 	remoteDelay?: number;
 	localDelay?: number;
+	/** 首次改动后最长多久必须保存一次（ms）。 */
+	maxWait?: number;
 };
 
-export function useAutosave({ enabled, onSave, onLocal, remoteDelay = 4000, localDelay = 1500 }: Options) {
+/** 失败重试的退避间隔（ms），长度即最大重试次数。 */
+const RETRY_DELAYS = [5000, 15000, 60000];
+
+export function useAutosave({
+	enabled,
+	onSave,
+	onLocal,
+	remoteDelay = 4000,
+	localDelay = 1500,
+	maxWait = 30000,
+}: Options) {
 	const remoteTimer = useRef<number | null>(null);
 	const localTimer = useRef<number | null>(null);
+	const retryTimer = useRef<number | null>(null);
+	const deadlineTimer = useRef<number | null>(null);
 	const inFlight = useRef(false);
+	const retryCount = useRef(0);
 
 	const saveRef = useRef(onSave);
 	const localRef = useRef(onLocal);
 	saveRef.current = onSave;
 	localRef.current = onLocal;
 
-	const clear = useCallback(() => {
-		if (remoteTimer.current) {
-			window.clearTimeout(remoteTimer.current);
-			remoteTimer.current = null;
-		}
-		if (localTimer.current) {
-			window.clearTimeout(localTimer.current);
-			localTimer.current = null;
+	const clearTimer = useCallback((timer: { current: number | null }) => {
+		if (timer.current) {
+			window.clearTimeout(timer.current);
+			timer.current = null;
 		}
 	}, []);
 
-	const flush = useCallback(async () => {
+	/** 只清「空闲防抖」相关的定时器；最长等待窗口要跨多次按键保留。 */
+	const clear = useCallback(() => {
+		clearTimer(remoteTimer);
+		clearTimer(localTimer);
+	}, [clearTimer]);
+
+	const flush = useCallback(async (): Promise<boolean> => {
+		clearTimer(retryTimer);
+		clearTimer(deadlineTimer);
 		if (inFlight.current) {
-			return;
+			// 保存正在进行，内容会在下一次 schedule 里重新排队。
+			return false;
 		}
 		inFlight.current = true;
+		let ok = false;
 		try {
-			await saveRef.current();
+			ok = await saveRef.current();
 		} finally {
 			inFlight.current = false;
 		}
-	}, []);
+		if (ok) {
+			retryCount.current = 0;
+			return true;
+		}
+		// 失败后按退避重试；重试期间本地副本已经写过，不会丢稿。
+		const delay = RETRY_DELAYS[retryCount.current];
+		if (delay !== undefined && enabled) {
+			retryCount.current += 1;
+			retryTimer.current = window.setTimeout(() => {
+				retryTimer.current = null;
+				void flush();
+			}, delay);
+		}
+		return false;
+	}, [clearTimer, enabled]);
 
 	const schedule = useCallback(() => {
 		clear();
@@ -64,7 +104,22 @@ export function useAutosave({ enabled, onSave, onLocal, remoteDelay = 4000, loca
 		remoteTimer.current = window.setTimeout(() => {
 			void flush();
 		}, remoteDelay);
-	}, [clear, enabled, flush, localDelay, remoteDelay]);
+		// 连续写作时防抖永远等不到空闲，这里补一个从「第一次未保存改动」起算的
+		// 上限。它不随每次按键重置，否则等于没有。
+		if (!deadlineTimer.current) {
+			deadlineTimer.current = window.setTimeout(() => {
+				deadlineTimer.current = null;
+				void flush();
+			}, maxWait);
+		}
+	}, [clear, enabled, flush, localDelay, maxWait, remoteDelay]);
+
+	const cancel = useCallback(() => {
+		clear();
+		clearTimer(retryTimer);
+		clearTimer(deadlineTimer);
+		retryCount.current = 0;
+	}, [clear, clearTimer]);
 
 	useEffect(() => {
 		if (!enabled) {
@@ -87,5 +142,5 @@ export function useAutosave({ enabled, onSave, onLocal, remoteDelay = 4000, loca
 		};
 	}, [clear, enabled, flush]);
 
-	return useMemo(() => ({ schedule, flush, cancel: clear }), [clear, flush, schedule]);
+	return useMemo(() => ({ schedule, flush, cancel }), [cancel, flush, schedule]);
 }
diff --git a/assets/creator-studio/src/hooks/use-local-recovery.ts b/assets/creator-studio/src/hooks/use-local-recovery.ts
index 5079eb11..f75e7ce2 100644
--- a/assets/creator-studio/src/hooks/use-local-recovery.ts
+++ b/assets/creator-studio/src/hooks/use-local-recovery.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,11 @@
  * 本地草稿备份。
  *
  * 只保存标题与序列化后的正文，绝不保存 nonce、文件或付费凭据；恢复前由界面
- * 询问用户，成功保存服务端后才清除。
+ * 询问用户，云端确认保存成功后才清除。
+ *
+ * 存储键跟着草稿 ID 走：新文章首次保存后会从 `jio-studio-0` 切到
+ * `jio-studio-<id>`，两篇草稿不会互相覆盖。切换键时重新检查一次，新键上
+ * 通常没有旧快照，因此不会重复弹恢复提示。
  *
  * @package Jio
  */
@@ -22,13 +26,15 @@ const MAX_AGE_MS = 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
 export function useLocalRecovery({ key, snapshot, onFound }: Options) {
 	const latest = useRef(snapshot);
 	latest.current = snapshot;
-	const checked = useRef(false);
+	const onFoundRef = useRef(onFound);
+	onFoundRef.current = onFound;
+	const checkedKey = useRef<string | null>(null);
 
 	useEffect(() => {
-		if (checked.current) {
+		if (checkedKey.current === key) {
 			return;
 		}
-		checked.current = true;
+		checkedKey.current = key;
 		try {
 			const raw = window.localStorage.getItem(key);
 			if (!raw) {
@@ -40,13 +46,18 @@ export function useLocalRecovery({ key, snapshot, onFound }: Options) {
 				window.localStorage.removeItem(key);
 				return;
 			}
-			if (typeof parsed.content === 'string' && parsed.content !== snapshot.content) {
-				onFound(String(parsed.at));
+			// 云端内容比本地快照新时不打扰作者；只有本地确实带着云端没有的内容才提示。
+			const differs = typeof parsed.content === 'string' && parsed.content !== snapshot.content;
+			const localTitle = typeof parsed.title === 'string' && parsed.title !== snapshot.title;
+			if (differs || localTitle) {
+				onFoundRef.current(String(parsed.at));
+			} else {
+				window.localStorage.removeItem(key);
 			}
 		} catch (error) {
 			window.localStorage.removeItem(key);
 		}
-	}, [key, onFound, snapshot.content]);
+	}, [key, snapshot.content, snapshot.title]);
 
 	const markLocalSaved = useCallback(() => {
 		try {
diff --git a/assets/creator-studio/src/index.tsx b/assets/creator-studio/src/index.tsx
index 332bd059..07dc84e0 100644
--- a/assets/creator-studio/src/index.tsx
+++ b/assets/creator-studio/src/index.tsx
@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ import './styles/studio.scss';
 
 const bootstrap: Record<string, any> = window['jioCreatorStudio'] || {};
 const nonce: string = bootstrap.nonce || '';
-const STORAGE_KEY = `jio-studio-${bootstrap.sourceId || 0}`;
+/** 本地草稿的存储键：跟着草稿 ID 走，新文章保存后自动切到带 ID 的键。 */
+const storageKeyFor = (draft: { postId: number }): string => `jio-studio-${draft.postId || bootstrap.sourceId || 0}`;
 const EDITOR_ID = 'jio-creator-content';
 
 function escapeAttribute(value: string): string {
@@ -72,6 +73,27 @@ function plainText(content: string): string {
 	return (container.textContent || '').replace(/\s+/g, '');
 }
 
+/**
+ * 把刚创建 / 刚保存的草稿 ID 写进地址栏。
+ *
+ * 用 `history.replaceState`，不刷新页面也不留一堆历史记录；已经绑定过的地址
+ * 不再改动，避免覆盖用户手动输入的其它查询参数。
+ */
+function bindDraftUrl(draft: { postId: number; versionId: number }): void {
+	if (typeof window === 'undefined' || !window.history?.replaceState) {
+		return;
+	}
+	const url = new URL(window.location.href);
+	const current = Number(url.searchParams.get('edit') || 0);
+	// 新文章经服务端保存后才拿到 ID；已发布文章的改稿绑定的是源文章 ID。
+	const target = draft.postId > 0 ? draft.postId : 0;
+	if (target <= 0 || current === target) {
+		return;
+	}
+	url.searchParams.set('edit', String(target));
+	window.history.replaceState(window.history.state, '', url.toString());
+}
+
 function Studio(): JSX.Element {
 	const [draft, setDraft] = useState<Draft>(() => initialDraft(bootstrap));
 	const draftRef = useRef(draft);
@@ -214,7 +236,7 @@ function Studio(): JSX.Element {
 			if (!hasDocument) {
 				return true;
 			}
-			setSaveState({ state: 'saving', at: '' });
+			setSaveState({ state: 'saving', at: '', autosave });
 			try {
 				const response = await apiPost(bootstrap.creator.saveUrl, buildPayload({ autosave }), nonce);
 				const updated = {
@@ -226,14 +248,31 @@ function Studio(): JSX.Element {
 				if ((window as any).jioSubmitData) {
 					(window as any).jioSubmitData.postId = updated.postId;
 				}
+				// 首次保存后把文章 ID 写进地址栏：刷新、重开标签页、回退都要能回到
+				// 同一篇草稿，否则新文章一刷新就分不到同一篇，草稿等于丢了。
+				bindDraftUrl(updated);
 				const settled = editRevisionRef.current === requestRevision;
 				dirtyRef.current = !settled;
 				draftRef.current = updated;
 				setDraft(updated);
-				setSaveState({ state: settled ? 'saved' : 'saving', at: settled ? new Date().toLocaleTimeString() : '' });
+				setSaveState({ state: settled ? 'saved' : 'saving', at: settled ? new Date().toLocaleString() : '', autosave });
 				return settled;
 			} catch (error: any) {
-				setSaveState({ state: error?.status === 409 ? 'conflict' : 'error', at: '' });
+				if (error?.status === 409) {
+					// 改稿版本已在别处更新：把本地 rev 对齐到服务端，下一次保存就能继续，
+					// 同时明确告诉作者这件事，而不是让他以为稿子坏了。
+					const currentRev = Number(error?.data?.data?.current_rev ?? 0);
+					if (currentRev > 0) {
+						draftRef.current = { ...draftRef.current, rev: currentRev };
+					}
+					setSaveState({ state: 'conflict', at: '', autosave });
+					setNotice({
+						tone: 'error',
+						text: __('这篇改稿已在其他页面更新，已同步到最新版本，请确认内容后继续编辑。', 'jio'),
+					});
+					return false;
+				}
+				setSaveState({ state: 'error', at: '', autosave });
 				return false;
 			}
 		},
@@ -311,7 +350,7 @@ function Studio(): JSX.Element {
 	}, [save]);
 
 	const { markLocalSaved, clear } = useLocalRecovery({
-		key: STORAGE_KEY,
+		key: storageKeyFor(draft),
 		snapshot: { title: draft.title, content: draft.content, at: new Date().toISOString() },
 		onFound: (savedAt: string) => setRecovery({ savedAt }),
 	});
@@ -320,7 +359,9 @@ function Studio(): JSX.Element {
 		enabled: !!capabilities.isLoggedIn,
 		onSave: async () => {
 			const ok = await save(true);
-			if (ok) {
+			// 本地副本只有等这次保存真正落盘、且之后没有再被改动时才清：
+			// 保存进行中又输入的内容还没上传，清掉就等于丢稿。
+			if (ok && !dirtyRef.current) {
 				clear();
 			}
 			return ok;
@@ -440,7 +481,7 @@ function Studio(): JSX.Element {
 
 	const restore = useCallback(() => {
 		try {
-			const raw = window.localStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY);
+			const raw = window.localStorage.getItem(storageKeyFor(draftRef.current));
 			if (raw) {
 				const parsed = JSON.parse(raw);
 				const patch: Partial<Draft> = {};
@@ -448,10 +489,12 @@ function Studio(): JSX.Element {
 				if (typeof parsed.content === 'string') patch.content = parsed.content;
 				patchDraft(patch);
 				if (typeof parsed.content === 'string') {
+					// 快照存的是保存格式（pre > code），编辑器要可编辑的形态。
+					const content = hydrateBlocks(parsed.content);
 					if (editorReadyRef.current) {
-						editorRef.current?.setContent(parsed.content);
+						editorRef.current?.setContent(content);
 					} else {
-						pendingRestoreContentRef.current = parsed.content;
+						pendingRestoreContentRef.current = content;
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -836,7 +879,12 @@ function Studio(): JSX.Element {
 				charCount={charCount}
 				saveState={saveState}
 				isPublishedEdit={isPublishedEdit}
-				saving={!editorReady || saveState.state === 'saving' || saveState.state === 'submitting'}
+				saving={
+					!editorReady
+					|| saveState.state === 'submitting'
+					// 自动保存不该禁用发布：它随时可能在进行，按钮闪断会让作者点空。
+					|| (saveState.state === 'saving' && !saveState.autosave)
+				}
 				onSaveDraft={() => void save(false)}
 				onPreview={() => void preview()}
 				onPublish={() => setPublishOpen(true)}
@@ -859,7 +907,7 @@ function Studio(): JSX.Element {
 					canPublishNow={!!capabilities.canPublishNow}
 					isPublishedEdit={isPublishedEdit}
 					captcha={!!bootstrap.captcha?.enabled}
-					saving={saveState.state === 'saving' || saveState.state === 'submitting'}
+					saving={saveState.state === 'submitting' || (saveState.state === 'saving' && !saveState.autosave)}
 					canSubmit={(draft.title || '').trim().length >= Number(limits.titleMin || 1)}
 					onClose={() => setPublishOpen(false)}
 					onSaveDraft={() => void save(false)}
diff --git a/src/Core/CreatorRest.php b/src/Core/CreatorRest.php
index 637adab0..677578fe 100644
--- a/src/Core/CreatorRest.php
+++ b/src/Core/CreatorRest.php
@@ -235,6 +235,7 @@ final class CreatorRest {
 				'content'  => $payload['content'],
 				'base_rev' => absint($request->get_param('rev')),
 				'snapshot' => $this->snapshot_from_payload($payload),
+				'autosave' => $is_auto,
 			], false);
 			if (is_wp_error($result)) {
 				return $result;
@@ -252,6 +253,7 @@ final class CreatorRest {
 			'tags'         => implode(',', array_map('strval', $payload['tags'])),
 			'featured_data'=> $payload['featured'],
 			'schedule'     => $payload['schedule'],
+			'autosave'     => $is_auto,
 		];
 		foreach ($payload['custom'] as $key => $value) {
 			$data['cf_' . sanitize_key((string) $key)] = $value;
diff --git a/src/Core/FrontSubmitSave.php b/src/Core/FrontSubmitSave.php
index 9f7a91b2..a356c319 100644
--- a/src/Core/FrontSubmitSave.php
+++ b/src/Core/FrontSubmitSave.php
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ trait FrontSubmitSave {
      *
      * @param array<string, mixed> $data Request payload.
      * @param string               $action posts_save|posts_draft
-     * @return array{success:bool,message:string,post_id?:int,url?:string,goto?:string,reload?:bool,time?:string,posts_id?:int}
+     * @return array{success:bool,message:string,post_id?:int,url?:string,goto?:string,reload?:bool,time?:string,posts_id?:int,status?:string}
      */
     public function persist(array $data, string $action = 'posts_save'): array {
         $user_id   = get_current_user_id();
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ trait FrontSubmitSave {
         $is_guest  = $user_id <= 0;
         $is_edit   = $posts_id > 0;
         $is_draft  = $action === 'posts_draft';
+        // 自动保存是后台动作：不建版本、不扣防刷配额、不改动审核状态。
+        $is_auto   = $is_draft && !empty($data['autosave']);
 
         if (empty($settings['enabled'])) {
             return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('投稿功能已关闭', 'jio')];
@@ -73,7 +75,9 @@ trait FrontSubmitSave {
             if (trim(wp_strip_all_tags($content)) === '') {
                 return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('还未填写任何内容', 'jio')];
             }
-        } elseif ($title === '' && trim(wp_strip_all_tags($content)) === '') {
+        } elseif ($title === '' && !$this->draft_has_content($content)) {
+            // 图片 / 表格 / 代码块这类媒体块即使没有文字也算草稿内容，
+            // 只贴了一张图的草稿不能被判成「什么都没写」。
             return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('请先写点什么再保存', 'jio')];
         }
 
@@ -126,7 +130,9 @@ trait FrontSubmitSave {
         }
 
         // [防刷机制]发布限制（后台「扩展&增强 → 网站安全」），管理员不受限。
-        if (!$is_edit && !current_user_can('manage_options') && class_exists('\Jio\Extensions\SecurityHardening')) {
+        // 草稿与自动保存不计数：配额防的是刷发布，把写作中的保存也算进去会让
+        // 正常写一篇长文就把额度用光。只有正式投稿（posts_save）计一次。
+        if (!$is_draft && !$is_edit && !current_user_can('manage_options') && class_exists('\Jio\Extensions\SecurityHardening')) {
             $security = \Jio\Settings\ExtensionRuntime::get_security_settings();
             $brush_subject = $is_guest
                 ? (string) (function_exists('jio_get_client_ip') ? jio_get_client_ip() : ($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ?? ''))
@@ -149,6 +155,13 @@ trait FrontSubmitSave {
                     $status      = 'future';
                 }
             }
+        } elseif ($is_edit) {
+            // 草稿动作不能改写已有文章的生命周期：自动保存发生在投稿 / 审核期间时，
+            // 把 pending 或 future 直接写成 draft 会让文章悄悄掉出审核队列与排期。
+            $current_status = (string) get_post_status($posts_id);
+            $status = in_array($current_status, ['pending', 'future', 'publish', 'private'], true)
+                ? $current_status
+                : 'draft';
         }
 
         // Paid fields are validated before anything is written, so an invalid
@@ -193,7 +206,15 @@ trait FrontSubmitSave {
 
         if ($is_edit) {
             $postarr['ID'] = $posts_id;
+            if ($is_auto) {
+                // 自动保存每隔几秒就可能落一次，逐次建 revision 会把版本表撑到几百条。
+                // 版本只留给手动「保存草稿」与正式投稿，自动保存静默覆盖当前版本。
+                remove_action('post_updated', 'wp_save_post_revision');
+            }
             $in_id = wp_update_post($postarr, true);
+            if ($is_auto) {
+                add_action('post_updated', 'wp_save_post_revision');
+            }
         } else {
             $postarr['post_author'] = $author_id;
             $in_id = wp_insert_post($postarr, true);
@@ -238,6 +259,7 @@ trait FrontSubmitSave {
             'post_id'  => (int) $in_id,
             'posts_id' => (int) $in_id,
             'url'      => $url,
+            'status'   => $status,
         ];
 
         switch ($status) {
@@ -254,8 +276,12 @@ trait FrontSubmitSave {
                 }
                 break;
             case 'pending':
-                $send['message'] = __('内容已提交，正在等待审核', 'jio');
-                if ($user_id > 0 && function_exists('jio_get_user_home_url')) {
+                // 自动保存落到待审文章上时不是「刚提交」，文案与跳转都不能再走提交流程。
+                $send['message'] = $is_draft
+                    ? __('已保存，文章仍在审核队列中', 'jio')
+                    : __('内容已提交，正在等待审核', 'jio');
+                $send['time'] = current_time('mysql');
+                if (!$is_draft && $user_id > 0 && function_exists('jio_get_user_home_url')) {
                     $send['reload'] = true;
                     $send['goto']   = add_query_arg(
                         ['tab' => 'post', 'post_status' => 'pending'],
@@ -263,6 +289,16 @@ trait FrontSubmitSave {
                     );
                 }
                 break;
+            case 'publish':
+            case 'private':
+                // 已发布文章的草稿保存不能触发「文章已发布」与整页跳转。
+                $send['message'] = $is_draft ? __('已保存线上文章', 'jio') : __('文章已发布', 'jio');
+                $send['time']    = current_time('mysql');
+                if (!$is_draft) {
+                    $send['reload'] = true;
+                    $send['goto']   = $url;
+                }
+                break;
             case 'draft':
                 $send['message'] = __('草稿已保存', 'jio');
                 $send['time']    = current_time('mysql');
@@ -344,6 +380,19 @@ trait FrontSubmitSave {
         return strlen($text);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * 草稿是否已经有可保存的内容。
+     *
+     * 纯文字的草稿看文字，图片 / 表格 / 代码块 / 分割线这类块即使没有文字也算内容；
+     * 与前端 `plainText` + 块级元素判断保持同一口径，避免两边对「空草稿」结论不同。
+     */
+    private function draft_has_content(string $content): bool {
+        if (trim(wp_strip_all_tags($content)) !== '') {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return (bool) preg_match('/<(?:img|table|pre|hr|iframe|video|audio|figure)\b/i', $content);
+    }
+
     /**
      * @param array<string,mixed> $data
      * @param array<string,mixed> $settings
diff --git a/src/Core/SubmissionVersion.php b/src/Core/SubmissionVersion.php
index 5b6c1b98..d478b3f7 100644
--- a/src/Core/SubmissionVersion.php
+++ b/src/Core/SubmissionVersion.php
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ final class SubmissionVersion {
 	/**
 	 * 创建或更新作者的工作版本。
 	 *
-	 * @param array{title?:string,content?:string,excerpt?:string,snapshot?:array<string,mixed>,base_rev?:int} $data
+	 * @param array{title?:string,content?:string,excerpt?:string,snapshot?:array<string,mixed>,base_rev?:int,autosave?:bool} $data
 	 * @return array{success:bool,message?:string,version_id?:int,rev?:int,conflict?:bool}|\WP_Error
 	 */
 	public function save_working(int $source_id, int $user_id, array $data, bool $submit = false) {
@@ -265,7 +265,16 @@ final class SubmissionVersion {
 			'post_excerpt' => $excerpt,
 			'post_status'  => $next_status === self::STATUS_PENDING ? 'pending' : 'draft',
 		];
+		// 自动保存不建 revision：几秒一次地写版本表会把改稿记录撑满，
+		// 需要回滚的节点由手动保存与提交产生。
+		$is_auto = !empty($data['autosave']);
+		if ($is_auto) {
+			remove_action('post_updated', 'wp_save_post_revision');
+		}
 		$updated = wp_update_post($update, true);
+		if ($is_auto) {
+			add_action('post_updated', 'wp_save_post_revision');
+		}
 		if (is_wp_error($updated)) {
 			return new \WP_Error('jio_version_failed', $updated->get_error_message(), ['status' => 500]);
 		}
diff --git a/tests/widget-system/creator-studio-contract.test.cjs b/tests/widget-system/creator-studio-contract.test.cjs
index fe3fb277..f57f0b74 100644
--- a/tests/widget-system/creator-studio-contract.test.cjs
+++ b/tests/widget-system/creator-studio-contract.test.cjs
@@ -270,7 +270,9 @@ test('fixed top toolbar has TinyMCE formatting, media, and extension actions', (
 	assert.match(read('assets/creator-studio/src/components/status-bar.tsx'), /保存草稿/);
 	assert.match(read('assets/creator-studio/src/components/status-bar.tsx'), /预览/);
 	assert.match(read('assets/creator-studio/src/components/status-bar.tsx'), /字数/);
-	assert.match(read('assets/creator-studio/src/components/status-bar.tsx'), /Markdown 语法输入中/);
+	// 状态栏展示真实保存状态：编辑器是 TinyMCE 富文本，不支持 Markdown 语法。
+	assert.doesNotMatch(read('assets/creator-studio/src/components/status-bar.tsx'), /Markdown/);
+	assert.match(read('assets/creator-studio/src/components/status-bar.tsx'), /saveStateLabel\(saveState\)/);
 	assert.match(read('assets/creator-studio/src/components/status-bar.tsx'), /<SaveState value=\{saveState\}/);
 	assert.match(appSource, /draftRef\.current\.postId/);
 	const barStyles = read('assets/creator-studio/src/styles/_block-tools.scss');
@@ -698,3 +700,77 @@ test('creator snapshot keeps every download display field', () => {
 	assert.match(rest, /'copyKey'\s*=>/);
 	assert.match(rest, /'copyVal'\s*=>/);
 });
+
+// 草稿链路：自动保存不能因为「不停手」而永远不触发，也不能在成功后把本地副本删掉。
+test('autosave keeps a max-wait window and retries after failure', () => {
+	const hook = read('assets/creator-studio/src/hooks/use-autosave.ts');
+
+	// 只靠防抖的话持续输入永远不会落盘（每次按键都会重置定时器）。
+	assert.match(hook, /maxWait\s*=\s*30000/);
+	assert.match(hook, /deadlineTimer/);
+	// 上限窗口不能随每次按键重置。
+	assert.match(hook, /if \(!deadlineTimer\.current\) \{/);
+	// 失败后按退避重试，而不是停在「保存失败」。
+	assert.match(hook, /RETRY_DELAYS = \[5000, 15000, 60000\]/);
+	assert.match(hook, /retryTimer\.current = window\.setTimeout/);
+});
+
+test('draft save binds the id into the url and only clears the local backup once settled', () => {
+	const app = read('assets/creator-studio/src/index.tsx');
+
+	// 首次保存后地址栏要能回到同一篇草稿，否则刷新就丢。
+	assert.match(app, /function bindDraftUrl/);
+	assert.match(app, /window\.history\.replaceState/);
+	assert.match(app, /url\.searchParams\.set\('edit', String\(target\)\)/);
+	assert.match(app, /bindDraftUrl\(updated\)/);
+	// 本地副本只在「保存成功且之后没有再改动」时才清。
+	assert.match(app, /if \(ok && !dirtyRef\.current\) \{/);
+	// 存储键跟着草稿 ID 走，两篇草稿不会互相覆盖。
+	assert.match(app, /const storageKeyFor = /);
+	assert.match(app, /key: storageKeyFor\(draft\)/);
+	// 恢复快照时要还原成编辑器里的可编辑形态。
+	assert.match(app, /const content = hydrateBlocks\(parsed\.content\)/);
+	// 自动保存不阻塞发布按钮。
+	assert.match(app, /saveState\.state === 'saving' && !saveState\.autosave/);
+	// 冲突要同步 rev 并告知作者。
+	assert.match(app, /error\?\.status === 409/);
+	assert.match(app, /current_rev/);
+});
+
+test('autosave state is labelled differently from a manual save', () => {
+	const saveState = read('assets/creator-studio/src/components/save-state.tsx');
+
+	assert.match(saveState, /autosave\?: boolean/);
+	assert.match(saveState, /AUTOSAVE_LABELS/);
+	assert.match(saveState, /自动保存中…/);
+	assert.match(saveState, /已自动保存/);
+	assert.match(saveState, /export function saveStateLabel/);
+});
+
+// 服务端：草稿不能改写文章生命周期、不能吃发布配额、自动保存不建 revision。
+test('draft saves never demote a submitted post or consume the publish quota', () => {
+	const save = read('src/Core/FrontSubmitSave.php');
+
+	// 自动保存标记从 REST 一路透传到 persist()。
+	assert.match(save, /\$is_auto\s*=\s*\$is_draft && !empty\(\$data\['autosave'\]\)/);
+	// pending / future / publish 的草稿保存保持原状态。
+	assert.match(save, /\$status = in_array\(\$current_status, \['pending', 'future', 'publish', 'private'\], true\)/);
+	// 草稿与自动保存不扣防刷配额，只有正式投稿计数。
+	assert.match(save, /if \(!\$is_draft && !\$is_edit && !current_user_can\('manage_options'\)/);
+	// 自动保存不建 revision。
+	assert.match(save, /remove_action\('post_updated', 'wp_save_post_revision'\)/);
+	// 只有媒体的草稿也算有内容。
+	assert.match(save, /private function draft_has_content/);
+	assert.match(save, /img\|table\|pre\|hr\|iframe\|video\|audio\|figure/);
+	// 响应要带上真实状态，前端才能区分「刚提交」与「仍在审核中」。
+	assert.match(save, /'status'\s*=>\s*\$status/);
+	assert.match(save, /已保存，文章仍在审核队列中/);
+
+	// 改稿版本同样抑制自动保存的 revision。
+	const version = read('src/Core/SubmissionVersion.php');
+	assert.match(version, /remove_action\('post_updated', 'wp_save_post_revision'\)/);
+	assert.match(version, /\$is_auto = !empty\(\$data\['autosave'\]\)/);
+
+	// REST 侧要把 autosave 传给 persist()。
+	assert.match(read('src/Core/CreatorRest.php'), /'autosave'\s*=>\s*\$is_auto/);
+});
diff --git a/tests/widget-system/front-submit-pending-harness.php b/tests/widget-system/front-submit-pending-harness.php
index c70d571f..ac72619f 100644
--- a/tests/widget-system/front-submit-pending-harness.php
+++ b/tests/widget-system/front-submit-pending-harness.php
@@ -193,7 +193,16 @@ namespace {
 	function user_can($user_id, $capability, ...$args): bool { return false; }
 	function add_filter($tag, $callback, $priority = 10, $accepted_args = 1): bool { return true; }
 	function remove_filter($tag, $callback, $priority = 10): bool { return true; }
+	function add_action($tag, $callback, $priority = 10, $accepted_args = 1): bool { return true; }
+	function remove_action($tag, $callback, $priority = 10): bool { return true; }
 	function do_action($tag, ...$args): void { $GLOBALS['front_pending_state']['actions'][] = $tag; }
+	function get_post_status($post = null): string {
+		if ($post instanceof WP_Post) {
+			return (string) $post->post_status;
+		}
+		$found = $GLOBALS['front_pending_state']['posts'][(int) $post] ?? null;
+		return $found instanceof WP_Post ? (string) $found->post_status : false;
+	}
 	function current_time($type): string { return '2026-10-30 12:00:00'; }
 	function wp_set_post_categories($post_id, $categories): void {}
 	function get_terms($args = []) {